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Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage, and utilization technology in China

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 412-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0879-3

摘要： The coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology has the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions, but its carbon footprint and cost assessment are still insufficient. In this paper, coal mining to oil production is taken as a life cycle to evaluate the carbon footprint and levelized costs of direct-coal-to-liquid and indirect-coal-to-liquid coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology under three scenarios: non capture, process capture, process and public capture throughout the life cycle. The results show that, first, the coupling carbon capture utilization and storage technology can reduce CO₂ footprint by 28%–57% from 5.91 t CO₂/t·oil of direct-coal-to-liquid and 24%–49% from 7.10 t CO₂/t·oil of indirect-coal-to-liquid. Next, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648–1027 $/t of oil, whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquid is 653–1065 $/t of oil. When coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 285–1364 $/t of oil, compared to 1101–9793 $/t of oil for indirect-coal-to-liquid. Finally, sensitivity analysis shows that CO₂ transportation distance has the greatest impact on carbon footprint, while coal price and initial investment cost significantly affect the levelized cost of coal-to-liquid.

关键词： coal-to-liquid carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) carbon footprint levelized cost of liquid lifecycle assessment

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海洋核污染的应急监测与评估技术展望

陈立奇,何建华,林武辉,余雯,门武

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第10期页码 34-39

摘要：

介绍了海洋放射性核素的来源和组成，综述了国内外在海洋放射性核素检测方法和海洋放射性实时监测网络技术的进展，讨论了开展海洋非人类物种辐射防护评价研究的迫切性和可能性，以及相关的海洋放射性污染评价方法。最后，针对我国目前海洋放射性监测发展提出了几点建议。

关键词：核污染监测网和技术评估海洋

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A systemic review of hydrogen supply chain in energy transition

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 102-122 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0861-0

摘要： Targeting the net-zero emission (NZE) by 2050, the hydrogen industry is drastically developing in recent years. However, the technologies of hydrogen upstream production, midstream transportation and storage, and downstream utilization are facing obstacles. In this paper, the development of hydrogen industry from the production, transportation and storage, and sustainable economic development perspectives were reviewed. The current challenges and future outlooks were summarized consequently. In the upstream, blue hydrogen is dominating the current hydrogen supply, and an implementation of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) can raise its cost by 30%. To achieve an economic feasibility, green hydrogen needs to reduce its cost by 75% to approximately 2 /kg at the large scale. The research progress in the midterm sector is still in a preliminary stage, where experimental and theoretical investigations need to be conducted in addressing the impact of embrittlement, contamination, and flammability so that they could provide a solid support for material selection and large-scale feasibility studies. In the downstream utilization, blue hydrogen will be used in producing value-added chemicals in the short-term. Over the long-term, green hydrogen will dominate the market owing to its high energy intensity and zero carbon intensity which provides a promising option for energy storage. Technologies in the hydrogen industry require a comprehensive understanding of their economic and environmental benefits over the whole life cycle in supporting operators and policymakers.

关键词： hydrogen production hydrogen transportation and storage hydrogen economy carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology assessment

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风能资源开发利用的气象技术应用和发展

宋丽莉,周荣卫,杨振斌,朱蓉

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 96-101

摘要：

基于要实现科学高效地开发利用风能资源，促进我国从风能大国向风能强国发展，针对风能资源开发利用过程中的气象技术应用，依据过去大量的项目实践、数据分析和相关测试试验结果，归纳总结了气象技术在我国风能资源开发利用各环节的应用现状、存在问题及其对项目效益可能产生的影响；在分析大气科学的相关原理和风电产业发展对气象技术应用的特殊需求基础上，提出了风能资源测量、分析评估、数值模拟和数值预报技术应用时应注意的几个关键技术问题及其发展方向。

关键词：风能资源气象技术测量和评估模拟和预报

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客运专线无砟轨道铁路线下结构沉降变形观测与评估技术

李明领

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第1期页码 48-59

摘要：

为满足高速列车安全、舒适性的需要，保证线路的高平顺性，无碴轨道的铺设与运营对路基、桥涵、隧道等线下结构的工后沉降要求非常严格, 追求“零沉降”理念。以武广铁路客运专线为基础，系统地介绍了线下结构物沉降变形观测关键技术，数据管理与分析预测系统，提出了工后沉降的预测方法及评估条件与标准，合理确定无碴轨道开始铺设时间，以保证客运专线无碴轨道结构铺设的质量。并提出了一些体会和建议，为正在建设的无砟轨道客运专线提供借鉴。

关键词：客运专线无砟轨道沉降变形观测分析评估无碴轨道铺设条件

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A review of nondestructive examination technology for polyethylene pipe in nuclear power plant

Jinyang ZHENG, Yue ZHANG, Dongsheng HOU, Yinkang QIN, Weican GUO, Chuck ZHANG, Jianfeng SHI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第4期页码 535-545 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0515-9

摘要：

Polyethylene (PE) pipe, particularly high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, has been successfully utilized to transport cooling water for both non-safety- and safety-related applications in nuclear power plant (NPP). Though ASME Code Case N755, which is the first code case related to NPP HDPE pipe, requires a thorough nondestructive examination (NDE) of HDPE joints. However, no executable regulations presently exist because of the lack of a feasible NDE technique for HDPE pipe in NPP. This work presents a review of current developments in NDE technology for both HDPE pipe in NPP with a diameter of less than 400 mm and that of a larger size. For the former category, phased array ultrasonic technique is proven effective for inspecting typical defects in HDPE pipe, and is thus used in Chinese national standards GB/T 29460 and GB/T 29461. A defect-recognition technique is developed based on pattern recognition, and a safety assessment principle is summa-rized from the database of destructive testing. On the other hand, recent research and practical studies reveal that in current ultrasonic-inspection technology, the absence of effective ultrasonic inspection for large size was lack of consideration of the viscoelasticity effect of PE on acoustic wave propagation in current ultrasonic inspection techno-logy. Furthermore, main technical problems were analyzed in the paper to achieve an effective ultrasonic test method in accordance to the safety and efficiency requirements of related regulations and standards. Finally, the development trend and challenges of NDE test technology for HDPE in NPP are discussed.

关键词： polyethylene pipe nuclear power plant ultrasonic inspection nondestructive testing safety assessment

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水污染防治生物处理技术验证评估指标研究

许春莲,张伟,宋乾武,黄海明,田艳丽,陈栋

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第3期页码 44-48

摘要：

建立科学的验证评估指标体系是开展环境技术验证评估的前提条件。立足于水污染防治生物处理技术，以公正、科学、保护知识产权等为原则，在总结国外验证评估指标体系、验证评估方法的基础上，结合我国的国情开展了水污染防治技术验证评估指标的设计。验证指标共分参考指标、测试指标、评价指标3个部分，按特性又划分为通用指标和特征指标两类。

关键词：生物处理技术验证评估指标

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国内外颠覆性技术研究进展跟踪与研究方法总结

孙永福,王礼恒,陆春华,孙棕檀,王崑声,徐源

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第6期页码 14-23 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.003

摘要：

当前，全球科技创新进入空前密集活跃的时期，一些重大颠覆性技术不断涌现，推动新产业与新业态的迭代加速，深刻影响和改变国家力量对比，重塑世界经济结构和国际竞争格局，各国纷纷瞄准这一时代契机，积极对颠覆性技术进行早期识别与培育。本文对国内外各类颠覆性技术研究报告进行了广泛跟踪，对国内外颠覆性技术研究进展及主要采用的颠覆性技术评估与预测方法进行了归纳、分析和评价，并就促进我国颠覆性技术研究科学发展与快速成型提出集中优势资源设立专业智库群、建立科学的技术评估体系等相关建议。

关键词：颠覆性技术评估与预测方法

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Structural pavement assessment in Germany

Lutz PINKOFSKY, Dirk JANSEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 183-191 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0412-z

摘要： The aging structure as well as the considerable increase of heavy-traffic load on Germany’s motorways and trunk roads encourages the use of innovative, sound and reliable methods for the structural assessment on network level as well as on project level. Essential elements for this are data, which allow a reliable assessment. For a holistic approach to structural pavement assessment performance orientated measurements will be necessary. In combination with functional parameters as well as write-down models, strategically motivated decision making processes will be useful combined with technically motivated decision processes. For the application at the network level, the available methods for performance orientated measurements are still challenging, as they are based either on testing drill-cores or on non-traffic speed methods. In recent years significant innovation steps have been made to bring traffic speed bearing capacity measurements and methods for evaluating pavement structures on the road. The paper summarizes the actual assessment procedures in Germany as well as the ongoing work on the development and implementation of new methods and techniques.

关键词： pavement assessment Germany structure system

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Environmental and human health impact assessment of major interior wall decorative materials

Bingqing ZHANG, Ruochen ZENG, Xiaodong LI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 406-415 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0025-4

摘要： Despite the growing interest in green products in the interior wall decorative material market, knowledge gaps exist because determining which product is more environmental and user friendly than the others is difficult. This work assesses the environmental and human health profiles of interior latex and wallpaper. Two interior latex products of different raw material ratios and one non-woven wallpaper product are considered. The environmental impact assessment follows life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and applies Building Environmental Performance Analysis System (BEPAS). The human health impact is based on impact-pathway chain and is performed using Building Health Impact Analysis System (BHIAS). The assessment scope, associated emissions, and territorial scope of various emissions are defined to facilitate comparison study of interior wall decorative products. The impacts are classified into 15 categories belonging to three safeguard areas: ecological environment, natural resources, and human health. The impacts of categories are calculated and monetized using willingness to pay (WTP) and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and summarized as an integrated external cost of environmental and human health impacts. Assessment results reveal that the integrated impact of interior latex is lower than that of non-woven wallpaper, and the interior latex of low quality causes low life cycle integrated impact. The most impacted categories are global warming, respiratory effects, and water consumption. Hotspots of product manufacturing are recognized to promote green product design.

关键词： life cycle assessment human health impact integrated assessment interior wall decorative material green product

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT INDEX: DEFINITION, GLOBAL ASSESSMENT AND POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 356-365 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022458

摘要：

● A composite N management index is proposed to measure agriculture sustainability.

关键词： global assessment indicator nitrogen management sustainable agriculture sustainable development goals

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基于可视化的事故树分析系统研究与开发

施式亮,卢本陶

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第11期页码 66-72

摘要：

事故树分析是安全系统工程最重要的分析方法之一，它能对各种系统的危险性进行辨识和评价，不仅能分析出事故的直接原因，而且能深入地揭示出事故的潜在原因。用它描述事故的因果关系直观、明了，思路清晰，逻辑性强，既可定性分析，又可定量分析。基于可视化理论和技术，建立了事故树可视化模型，确定了系统功能目标，完成了系统结构设计，构造了事故树图形生成与事故树动态分析于一体的集成分析环境，开发出事故树计算机分析系统，为事故分析和安全评价提供高效、准确的技术和方法。

关键词：安全技术安全评价事故树可视化分析系统

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Game theoretic analysis of environmental impact assessment system in China

CHENG Hongguang, PU Xiao, GONG Li, QI Ye

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 448-453 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0071-8

摘要： Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system has been established in China since 1973. In present EIA cases, there are four participants in general: governments, enterprises, EIA organizations and the public. The public has held re

关键词： public impact assessment Environmental impact general

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Creep life assessment of aero-engine recuperator based on continuum damage mechanics approach

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0702-6

摘要： The creep life of an aeroengine recuperator is investigated in terms of continuum damage mechanics by using finite element simulations. The effects of the manifold wall thickness and creep properties of brazing filler metal on the operating life of the recuperator are analyzed. Results show that the crack initiates from the brazing filler metal located on the outer surface of the manifold with the wall thickness of 2 mm and propagates throughout the whole region of the brazing filler metal when the creep time reaches 34900 h. The creep life of the recuperator meets the requirement of 40000 h continuous operation when the wall thickness increases to 3.5 mm, but its total weight increases by 15%. Decreasing the minimum creep strain rate with the enhancement of the creep strength of the brazing filler metal presents an obvious effect on the creep life of the recuperator. At the same stress level, the creep rupture time of the recuperator is enhanced by 13 times if the mismatch between the minimum creep rate of the filler and base metal is reduced by 20%.

关键词： creep life assessment brazed joint continuum damage mechanics aeroengine recuperator